Anatomy/ Histology of Rectum
The Rectum is a tubular structure made up of different tissue layer, the arrangement knowledge is of an important to Surgeon as it helps them determine the types and stages of cancer present. From inner to outer layer:
- Mucosa: This is mucus layers which provide lubrication to the fecal content. this layer is formed by cells lining called epithelial cell and mucus secreting gland.
- Submucosa: this layer is just above mucosa and is composed of fat tissue, blood vessels, Lymphatics and nerves.
- Muscularis: This is the muscle layer which composes of an inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle.
- Mesorectum or serousal: The outer most layer is made of peritoneal which covers the upper 2/3 while lower third is covered by fat. Lymph nodes are also found within this layer.