Glossary
Abdomen; The part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs
Abdominal; Having to do with the abdomen
Abnormal; Not normal
Advanced cancer/ Secondary; Cancer that has spread to other areas in the body and usually difficult to be cured or controlled with treatment
Appetite; Natural desire for food and drinks
Artery; A vessel that carry blood away from the heart to other tissue of the body
Benign; Noncancerous
Biopsis; A minor surgical procedure during which a small tissue specimen is removed and examined microscopically for the presence of disease (often cancer)
Bladder; An organ in the pelvic region where urine is stored before it leaves the body
Blood; A specialized connective tissue made up of cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and plasma, which transport oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and carries away wastes from the tissue.
Cancer;Is a general term for diseases in which there is an uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells. Cancer cells can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body (metastases)..
Carcinogens; Substance that have the potential to cause cancer
Cavity; A hollow area; as in the body cavity (such as the space within the abdomen) or a hole in a tooth caused by decay
Cell; Is the unit of life that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cell
Chemotherapy; The use of chemical agents (drugs) in the treatment or control of disease (such as cancer)
Colon cancer; Cancer that forms in the tissues of the colon.
Colon; Is the longest part of the large intestine running from the cecum to rectum.
Constipation; A condition in which stool becomes hard, dry, and difficult to pass, and bowel movements don’t happen very often.
Contrast material; A dye or other substance that helps show abnormal areas inside the body. It is given by injection into a vein, by enema, or by mouth
a cell
CT scan: Is an imaging technique, in which a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body is taken. The images are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine.
Curative; To heal or restore health
Diagnosis; The process of identifying a disease, (such as cancer) from its signs and symptoms
Drugs; Any substance, other than food, that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal condition
Endometrium; The tissue that lines the inside of the uterus
Epithelium; the tissue that lines or covers the surface of other organs such as ovary
First-degree relative/ immediate : The parents, brothers, sisters, or children of an individual
Gastrointestinal tract; Is part of the digestive system, comprising of the stomach and the intestines. It also includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and rectum.
Gene; The functional and physical unit of heredity, responsible for the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring
Immune system; The complex group of cells and organs that defends the body against infections and other diseases
Immunotherapy; Is a form of treating a disease that aimed at boosting or restoring the ability of the immune system to fight cancer, infections, and other diseases.
Implantation; Is the process by which the embryo become attach or embedded to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) early during the pregnancy
Incision; A cut made in the body to perform surgery.
Infertile; The condition of being incapable of, or unsuccessful in, reproducing (in women, becoming pregnant)
Ligament; Is a tough fibrous band of tissue connecting the articular end of bones or supporting an organ in place
Liver; Is a large organ located in the upper abdominal cavity, which purify blood by detoxifying substance and also aids in digestion by secreting bile.
Lung; One of a pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
Lymph vessel; A thin tube that carries lymph (lymphatic fluid) and white blood cells through the lymphatic system. Also called lymphatic vessel
Lymph; The clear fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infections and other diseases. Also called lymphatic fluid
Lymphatic system; A group of tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infections and other diseases in the body.
Malignant; (Cancerous)- A tumour that invades tissues around it and may spread to the other part of the body
Metastasis; The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another
Mortality; Death rate or loss of life
Mutations; A random change in the gene or chromosome resulting in new characters that can be inherited.
Organ /Structure; A part of the body that performs a specific function, which is made from different tissues of similar function, For example, the heart is an organ.
Pelvic cavity; Is the space inside the lower abdomen that contain the reproductive organs (e.g, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes).
Pelvis; The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bone
Peritoneum; The tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdome
Prevalence; Is the ratio (for a given time period) of the number of occurrences of a disease or event to the number of units at risk in the population
Prognosis; The course of a disease; the chance of recovery or recurrence
Radiation; A form of energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves, use for many purposes, like treating / curing disease such as cancer,
Rectum; The last part of the large intestine which is terminates at the anus
Risk factor; something that increases the chance of developing a disease
Screening; Is a strategy used in a population to detect a disease in individual without signs or symptoms of that disease
Stage; The extent of spread of cancer in the body
Staging; Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body.
Surgery; (An operation)- A procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present
Symptom; An indication of an illness condition or disease
Tissues; A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function
Tumour; An abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should
Ultrasound; An imaging procedure in which echoes from sound waves passing through tissue create pictures of structures deep within the body
Uterus; Is a pear-shaped muscular organ located in the pelvis where the embryo is implanted
Vagina; The muscular canal that goes from the uterus to the outside of the body, and provide conduit for the passage of the baby during birth; (also called birth canal)
Vein; A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from tissues and organs in the body.
X-ray; A type of high-energy radiation, use to take images of the body for diagnostic purpose (in low dose) and treat cancer in high dose
Abdominal; Having to do with the abdomen
Abnormal; Not normal
Advanced cancer/ Secondary; Cancer that has spread to other areas in the body and usually difficult to be cured or controlled with treatment
Appetite; Natural desire for food and drinks
Artery; A vessel that carry blood away from the heart to other tissue of the body
Benign; Noncancerous
Biopsis; A minor surgical procedure during which a small tissue specimen is removed and examined microscopically for the presence of disease (often cancer)
Bladder; An organ in the pelvic region where urine is stored before it leaves the body
Blood; A specialized connective tissue made up of cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and plasma, which transport oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and carries away wastes from the tissue.
Cancer;Is a general term for diseases in which there is an uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells. Cancer cells can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body (metastases)..
Carcinogens; Substance that have the potential to cause cancer
Cavity; A hollow area; as in the body cavity (such as the space within the abdomen) or a hole in a tooth caused by decay
Cell; Is the unit of life that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cell
Chemotherapy; The use of chemical agents (drugs) in the treatment or control of disease (such as cancer)
Colon cancer; Cancer that forms in the tissues of the colon.
Colon; Is the longest part of the large intestine running from the cecum to rectum.
Constipation; A condition in which stool becomes hard, dry, and difficult to pass, and bowel movements don’t happen very often.
Contrast material; A dye or other substance that helps show abnormal areas inside the body. It is given by injection into a vein, by enema, or by mouth
a cell
CT scan: Is an imaging technique, in which a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body is taken. The images are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine.
Curative; To heal or restore health
Diagnosis; The process of identifying a disease, (such as cancer) from its signs and symptoms
Drugs; Any substance, other than food, that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal condition
Endometrium; The tissue that lines the inside of the uterus
Epithelium; the tissue that lines or covers the surface of other organs such as ovary
First-degree relative/ immediate : The parents, brothers, sisters, or children of an individual
Gastrointestinal tract; Is part of the digestive system, comprising of the stomach and the intestines. It also includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and rectum.
Gene; The functional and physical unit of heredity, responsible for the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring
Immune system; The complex group of cells and organs that defends the body against infections and other diseases
Immunotherapy; Is a form of treating a disease that aimed at boosting or restoring the ability of the immune system to fight cancer, infections, and other diseases.
Implantation; Is the process by which the embryo become attach or embedded to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) early during the pregnancy
Incision; A cut made in the body to perform surgery.
Infertile; The condition of being incapable of, or unsuccessful in, reproducing (in women, becoming pregnant)
Ligament; Is a tough fibrous band of tissue connecting the articular end of bones or supporting an organ in place
Liver; Is a large organ located in the upper abdominal cavity, which purify blood by detoxifying substance and also aids in digestion by secreting bile.
Lung; One of a pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
Lymph vessel; A thin tube that carries lymph (lymphatic fluid) and white blood cells through the lymphatic system. Also called lymphatic vessel
Lymph; The clear fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infections and other diseases. Also called lymphatic fluid
Lymphatic system; A group of tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infections and other diseases in the body.
Malignant; (Cancerous)- A tumour that invades tissues around it and may spread to the other part of the body
Metastasis; The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another
Mortality; Death rate or loss of life
Mutations; A random change in the gene or chromosome resulting in new characters that can be inherited.
Organ /Structure; A part of the body that performs a specific function, which is made from different tissues of similar function, For example, the heart is an organ.
Pelvic cavity; Is the space inside the lower abdomen that contain the reproductive organs (e.g, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes).
Pelvis; The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bone
Peritoneum; The tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdome
Prevalence; Is the ratio (for a given time period) of the number of occurrences of a disease or event to the number of units at risk in the population
Prognosis; The course of a disease; the chance of recovery or recurrence
Radiation; A form of energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves, use for many purposes, like treating / curing disease such as cancer,
Rectum; The last part of the large intestine which is terminates at the anus
Risk factor; something that increases the chance of developing a disease
Screening; Is a strategy used in a population to detect a disease in individual without signs or symptoms of that disease
Stage; The extent of spread of cancer in the body
Staging; Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body.
Surgery; (An operation)- A procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present
Symptom; An indication of an illness condition or disease
Tissues; A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function
Tumour; An abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should
Ultrasound; An imaging procedure in which echoes from sound waves passing through tissue create pictures of structures deep within the body
Uterus; Is a pear-shaped muscular organ located in the pelvis where the embryo is implanted
Vagina; The muscular canal that goes from the uterus to the outside of the body, and provide conduit for the passage of the baby during birth; (also called birth canal)
Vein; A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from tissues and organs in the body.
X-ray; A type of high-energy radiation, use to take images of the body for diagnostic purpose (in low dose) and treat cancer in high dose
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